A new study by an NUI Galway researcher has found clues to the nature of human intelligence.
Research suggests that intelligence in humans is controlled by the part of the brain known as the cortex and most theories of age-related cognitive decline focus on cortical dysfunction.
However, the new study carried out by NUI Galway’s Dr Michael Hogan from the School of Psychology, suggests that grey matter volume in the cerebellum at the back of the brain predicts cognitive ability. Keeping those cerebellar networks active may be the key to keeping cognitive decline at bay.
The study examined 228 older adults living independently in the Aberdeen area who had been part of the Scottish Mental Survey of 1947. This survey had tested Scottish children born in 1936 and at school on 4 June 1947 using the Moray House intelligence test.
The cognitive abilities of the participants were tested again, now at age 63 to 65 years, and their brains were also scanned, using a neuroimaging technique called voxel-based morphometry (VBM ), to determine the volumes of grey and white matter in frontal areas and the cerebellum.
The most interesting finding from this study is that grey matter volume in the cerebellum predicts general intelligence. However, results differ for men and women, with men showing a stronger relationship between brain volume in the cerebellum and general intelligence. It has long been recognised that the cerebellum is involved in sensory-motor functions, including balance and timing of movements but it is now believed that the cerebellum also plays an important role in higher-level cognitive abilities.
“General intelligence is correlated with many basic aspects of information processing efficiency which I believe depend upon the functioning of the cerebellum, including the speed and consistency of our perceptions and decisions, and the speed with which we learn new skills,” says Dr Michael Hogan.
“This is exciting research as it suggests that there may be a backdoor route into maintaining higher cortical functions in old age, that is, through the sustained activation of cerebellar networks via novel sensory-motor and cognitive activities, all of which I believe the cerebellum seeks to regulate and automate, working in concert with the cortex.”
