One of the great benefits of exercise is the more you do, the more energy you have and the more you are capable of. However the reverse is also true - the less exercise you do, the less you can do. Now, new research on the effect of exercise on a key protein that helps to regulate circulation has pointed to a possible explanation for this.
Doing less exercise could deactivate this vital protein in the body, causing further inactivity and making exercise more difficult, according to scientists at the University of Leeds who have discovered that deactivating the Piezo1 protein, a blood flow sensor, reduces the density of capillaries carrying blood to the muscles.
This restricted blood flow means activity becomes more difficult and can lead to a reduction in how much exercise is possible, the team found.
They say the results help to explain the biology of why exercise becomes harder the less you do.
“Exercise protects against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and cancer," said the study's lead author Fiona Bartoli. "Unfortunately, many people fail to exercise enough, for reasons such as injury and computer usage. This puts people at more risk of disease. The less people exercise, the less fit they become, often leading to a downward spiral.
“Although many responses to exercise are known, how the benefits of exercise are initially triggered at a molecular level is mysterious. Our study highlights the crucial link between physical activity and physical performance made at this level by Piezo1. Keeping our Piezo1s active by exercising may be crucial in our physical performance and health.”
The experiments were carried out in mice, but the Piezo1 protein is found in humans, suggesting the same results could occur.
During the experiment, the scientists compared two groups of mice – a control group, and a group whose Piezo1 levels had been disrupted for 10 weeks. Walking, climbing, and running wheel activity was observed, with the Piezo1 mice showing a striking reduction in activity levels. This suggests an important role for Piezo1 in sustaining normal physical activity.
The researchers considered whether the Piezo1 mice were less interested in exercise, but they found no differences in the amount or duration of activity between the two groups. Instead, there were fewer running wheel revolutions per exercise session, and slower running speed compared to the control group, suggesting a lowered ability to exercise, rather than a lesser desire.
Supervising author Professor David Beech, in the University of Leeds’ School of Medicine, said: “Our work sheds new light on how Piezo1’s role in blood vessels is connected to physical activity. A lot was already known about its role in blood vessel development, but far less was known about its contribution to vessel maintenance in adults.
“Our discovery also provides an opportunity to think about how loss of muscle function could be treated in new ways: if we activate Piezo1, it might help to maintain exercise capability.”
In the meantime, the study underlines the importance of staying physically active to maintain fitness levels.
